The Code 0 appeared on the 1998 Whitbread to circumvent regulations and add a sail more powerful than a genoa, but not another spinnaker. The concept quickly spread to offshore racing in the early 2000s and has become increasingly popular over time.
What is a Code 0?
A Code 0 is an unbraced headsail that represents an intermediary between a genoa and an asymmetric spinnaker, although in theory it's already considered a spinnaker in the regatta arena. The Code 0 is mainly used for downwind sailing, but it can also be used at tighter wind angles than a spinnaker, making it as powerful as it is versatile.
The Code 0 is a lightweight sail characterized by its relatively flat shape and its ability to be used in light to moderate wind conditions. It is normally deployed from a furler, making it easy to hoist and lower (the sail rolls in on itself). This sail is particularly appreciated for its versatility and performance in a wide range of wind angles, from upwind to downwind. In fact, it is generally used at angles ranging from 60 to 110° to the wind.
On the other hand, it's a sail that prefers a gybe to a tack into the wind, because in the latter case it needs to be furled before tacking.
Code zero, Code 3, Code 55 and more...
While the classic name for this sail remains Code 0, sail manufacturers have adapted it to a variety of geometries to suit different boats, especially in the pleasure boating sector and particularly for multihulls. As a result, we end up with a number of names, mainly trade names even if they represent slightly different sails. What's more, virtually every manufacturer has its own name, which doesn't make things easy for the yachtsman.
The smaller the number, the tighter the angle of use
Originally, in racing, the Code 0 was considered to be a spinnaker and was therefore measured in the same way, i.e. with a minimum trough equivalent to 75% of the foot length. However, things are a little different in the cruising world. As a result, the different Code 0 designations represent the ratio between the edge and the middle of the trough.
At Northsails, for example, for a sail with a bodure of 10 meters, the middle of the trough of a Code 55 will be around 5.5 meters, while the middle of the trough of a Code 65 will be around 6.5 meters.
Other manufacturers such as Quantum Sails or Incidence, to name but a few, use simple numbering (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5...). Generally speaking, the smaller the number, the tighter the angle of use, the flatter the sail.
Before buying, consult your sailmaker
In any case, before signing an order form for a Code, whatever the version, you should contact your sailmaker. Together, you'll take into account the characteristics of your boat, starting with its length and weight, and the position of the mast on the deck.
After the specifications of your boat, your type of sailing will be essential. Whether you're simply a family cruiser, or you like to take part in a few competitions, your sail will be different.
For most cruising yachts, the best choice is an intermediate code installed on a furler. Many consider a 55% to 65% draft for a 140% to 165% length to be a good compromise. A sail that will be versatile, light and therefore easy to handle, allowing you to sail at many angles.
